Technological change and the growing inequality in managerial compensation

Three of the most fundamental changes in US corporations since the early 1970s have been (1) the increased importance of organizational capital in production, (2) the increase in managerial income inequality and pay-performance sensitivity, and (3) the secular decrease in labor market reallocation. Our paper develops a simple explanation for these changes: a shift in the composition of productivity growth away from vintage-specific to general growth. This shift has stimulated the accumulation of organizational capital in existing firms and reduced the need for reallocating workers to new firms. We characterize the optimal managerial compensation contract when firms accumulate organizational capital but risk-averse managers cannot commit to staying with the firm. A calibrated version of the model reproduces the increase in managerial compensation inequality and the increased sensitivity of pay to performance in the data over the last three decades. This increased sensitivity of compensation to performance provides large, successful firms with the glue to retain their managers and the organizational capital embedded in them.     

对劳动税楔核算指标在我国应用情况的分析

劳动税楔大小直接决定着工薪阶层劳动税负的高低。本文简要分析了OECD成员国劳动税楔现状及特点,重点核算了我国的劳动税楔水平,在此基础上提出我国可以借鉴的建议。     

Lockout/tagout and operational risks in the production control of manufacturing systems with passive redundancy

This paper addresses problems associated with production control and occupational safety in a manufacturing system prone to failure involving two machines working in passive redundancy. Machines turning out one part experience two modes of failure and repair: firstly, where failure occurs when a machine remains in fair condition; and, secondly, where such failure results in outright breakdown. Accordingly, we examine both modes of failure for their impact on a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with respect to production control in terms of costs associated with lockout/tagout procedures and corrective maintenance. This study seeks to identify optimal costs related to backlogs, inventories and maintenance over an infinite planning horizon, along with levels of occupational risk where production control includes efficient planning of lockouts/tagouts. Our study offers numerical methods which may be employed to achieve optimal conditions in setting control policies. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis support this approach.     

企业规模视角下国有企业的财政贡献率研究——以西部某省为例

国有企业改革对我国建立社会主义市场经济体制至关重要。文章以西部某省的省属监管企业为研究样本,研究了不同规模下企业的财政贡献情况。结果表明,近年来样本省的大规模国企对财政贡献愈发明显．使得“做大做强”改革路线对地方政府具有明显的财政激励作用,这种效应有可能使得地方政府有动机将国有企业引上一条资本规模不断扩大和人员冗余的道路。     

制度因素与中国对外直接投资结构失衡——基于“十二五”期间的展望

文章对中国对外直接投资结构失衡的重要表现进行了深入分析,并挖掘出导致失衡的多方面因素:高端和低端劳动力市场的非完全市场化,对外投资企业融资市场的非市场化,政府多头交叉管理造成的低效率。本文认为,在十二五期间,必须全力推动我国在劳动力市场和金融市场的市场化进程,实现利率和汇率的市场化,逐步消除行政性垄断,提高政府行政效率,藉此方能促进中国对外直接投资的健康发展。     

经济体制变迁过程中劳动力市场灵活化变革面临的困境

改革开放以来,我国的经济体制和运行机制发生了深刻的变化。伴随着经济体制的变迁,以及随之进行的劳动力市场政策的调整,我国劳动力市场的灵活性不断提高,从整体劳动力市场的＂过度稳定＂逐步演变为劳动力市场的＂边缘灵活化＂。＂边缘灵活化＂的发展态势使我国劳动力市场的灵活化变革遭遇困境,并对经济发展方式的转型形成了制约。     

吸引FDI的传统优势面临挑战:来自上海的证据

本文对上海市FDI的实证研究表明,吸引FDI的因素与传统优势①相比已经发生了变化,低工资已经不成为吸引FDI流入的有利因素.同时,由于市场竞争加剧和技术外溢现象,劳动生产率的提高对吸引FDI没有显示出有利的一面.分析表明,基础设施的完善、技术水平和消费能力的提高以及产业结构优化升级是新时期上海吸引FDI的有利因素.     

中国的菲利浦斯曲线及劳动力市场缺位

虽然凯恩斯模型预示经济中存在菲利浦斯曲线 ,但是菲利浦斯曲线来自经验数据而非模型 ,并反映了比模型更加丰富的内容。按中国的菲利浦斯曲线分析 ,中国经济实际上处于制度限制下的均衡状态 ,必须加快市场化的进程 ,扩大市场机制的调节范围 ,政策的经济效应才能实现     

城市广化与城市深化对中国经济增长的影响

本文尝试把城市化进程分为城市广化和城市深化两个过程,并从劳动效率的角度,分析城市广化和城市深化对中国经济增长的影响.在二元经济理论框架下,将城市广化和城市深化统一于修正的卢卡斯人力资本增长模型,分别探讨了城市广和城市深化、劳动效率与经济增长之间的相互关系,最后利用1978～2009年间的时间序列数据进行了检验,实证结果...     

《劳动合同法》视角下的军队院校聘用人员管理

聘用人员是军队院校的新生力量。聘用人员的管理工作在招聘录用、绩效管理、纪律管理和人事管理等环节已经逐步做到制度化、标准化、规范化和程序化,但仍存在非规范用工、违法操作、程序不合法、细节缺失等现象,应从各个环节严格把关,避免法律风险。